Media design and write technique for creating neutral polarity transition zones

ABSTRACT

A heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) device is configured to write regions of neutral polarity on a magnetic media during a same pass of the recording head in which other regions are written of positive polarity and negative polarity. The various disclosed write techniques may facilitate creation of “zero state” (substantially net zero polarity) transition zones between each pair of data bits of opposite polarity and/or may facilitate the encoding of three different logical states (e.g., 1, 0, and −1) on the media.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No.17/565,221 filed Dec. 29, 2021, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. ______, theentire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for allpurposes.

BACKGROUND

Conventional magnetic media encode magnetic bits with positive andnegative polarity to store data corresponding to the two distinct binarystates (1 and 0). However, other types of media, such as flash, are ableto utilize multi-level cells to encode more than two logical states. Forexample, a 2-level multi-level flash cell may be programmed to storefour different logical states corresponding to the programmed pairs ofvalues [1,0], [0,0], [1,1], and [0,1], which radically improves storagedensities as compared to single-level cells that store only a 1 or a 0.In magnetic storage devices, it is theorized that areal storage densitycapacity (ADC) could be improved by as much as 58% if a magnetic mediacould be used to store 3 distinct logical states (e.g., −1, 1, and 0).

Although some approaches to tri-state magnetic recording have beenpreviously proposed, existing solutions have significant shortcomings.One existing approach utilizes a single-layer recording media andencodes a zero polarity state by performing what is known as AC erase.Per this approach, 1 and −1 are encoded by magnetizing bits withpositive and negative polarity while the zero state is created byrapidly pulsing the write current between positive and negative polaritywithin a single bit such that about half the magnetic grains in the bitare positively magnetized and about half are negatively magnetizedleading to a net bit magnetization of approximately zero. Currentimplementations of this approach suffer from noise that is high enoughthat net ADC gains have not yet been realized.

Another existing approach to tri-state magnetic recording utilizes adual-pass write process to encode data on a dual-layer recording mediain a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) device. Per this approach,each layer is designed with significantly different Curie temperature toenable writing of each individual layer one at a time by altering therecording temperature on different passes of the head to target writingof the magnetic reversals in two different layers of the storage media.However, since the different stacked layers of the recording media arewritten during different passes of the write head, it takes two fullrevolutions of the disc to encode a single data bit. Consequently, thisapproach significantly increases writing time and is also plagued by ahost of other problems such as increased noise (due to head misalignmenton the second pass), and unintentional adjacent track overwrite.

SUMMARY

According to one implementation, a HAMR recording device is configuredto implement a single-pass recording process that facilitates recordingof data bits of three logical states on a single pass of a write elementover an underlying data track. The three logical states include a “zerostate” that is characterized by stacked layers of opposing polarity suchthat the polarity of individual grains that form the zero state data bitis substantially zero.

According to another implementation, a HAMR device is configured tocreate regions of neutral polarity at boundaries between each pair ofadjacent data bits having opposite polarity. The regions of neutralpolarity are created on a same pass of the read/write head as the passthat writes the data to the adjacent data bits. The regions of neutralpolarity are created by altering a polarity of magnetic grains in one oftwo stacked recording layers of the region after fixing a polarity ofcorresponding magnetic grains in another one of the two recordinglayers.

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Other implementations are also described and recited herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 illustrates a data storage device including a read/write headassembly for writing data on a magnetic storage medium.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example magnetic media that facilitate writes ofzero-state polarity to localized regions on a magnetic media in a HAMRdevice.

FIG. 3 illustrates aspects of an example HAMR device that writes regionsof zero-state polarity by leveraging different thermal magneticcharacteristics of an upper recording layer and a lower recording layer.

FIG. 4 illustrates characteristics of another example magnetic mediasuitable for implementing the techniques discussed above with respect toFIG. 3 .

FIG. 5A illustrates a cross-sectional view of media layers during afirst example recording operation in a HAMR device that writes regionsof neutral polarity to a magnetic media.

FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the media layers of FIG.5A during a second example recording operation.

FIG. 5C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the media layers of FIG.5A and FIG. 5B during a third example recording operation.

FIG. 5D illustrates a cross-sectional view of the media layers of FIGS.5A-5C during a fourth example recording operation.

FIG. 6A illustrates still another example magnetic media suitable forwriting regions of neutral polarity on a magnetic media.

FIG. 6B illustrates an example plot showing thermal characteristics of aHAMR device with a magnetic media including the features described withrespect to FIG. 6A.

FIG. 6C illustrates the magnetic media of FIG. 6A with additionaldetail.

FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of another example magneticmedia suitable for implementing the HAMR write techniques for creatingregions of neutral polarity.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of still another examplemagnetic media suitable for implementing HAMR write techniques forcreating regions of neutral polarity.

FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of yet another examplemagnetic media suitable for implementing HAMR write techniques forcreating regions of neutral polarity.

FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of yet another examplemagnetic media suitable for implementing the HAMR write techniques forcreating regions of neutral polarity and a plot of temperaturecharacteristics for the media.

FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of still another examplemagnetic media suitable for implementing the HAMR write techniques forcreating regions of neutral polarity, a plot of temperaturecharacteristics for the media, and the exchange coupling characteristicsfor the media.

FIG. 12 illustrates another example portion of a magnetic media that hasbeen encoded with regions of neutral polarity.

FIG. 13 illustrates a top-down view of example magnetic grains,including some grains of neutral polarity, on a magnetic media thatflies beneath a read/write head in a HAMR device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to one implementation, the herein disclosed technologyfacilitates a single-pass write of three different logical states tovarious data bits along a data track of a magnetic media. The magneticmedia has two stacked magnetic recording layers with a break layer inbetween that has different characteristics in the variousimplementations disclosed herein. Each data bit includes magnetic grainsthat are vertically stacked in a lower recording layer and an upperrecording layer. A first logical state (e.g., 1) is encoded bymagnetizing stacked grains in the upper and lower recording layers ofthe data bit to assume a positive polarity. A second logical state(e.g., −1) is encoded by magnetizing stacked grains in the upper andlower recording layers of the data bit to assume a negative polarity. Athird logical state, referred to herein as the “zero state”, is encodedby magnetizing individual grains in the upper recording layer of a databit to have a polarity that is opposite that of the correspondingstacked grains in the lower recording layer of the data bit. As usedherein, the terms “zero state” and “neutral polarity” are used to referto localized areas of magnetic grains that, when read back from themedia, are interpreted as having a net polarity of zero or substantiallyzero. An area may be understood as having “substantially zero” polaritywhen the readback signal of the HAMR device is within +/−10 percent ofzero.

According to another implementation, write techniques disclosed hereinare used to create neutral polarity transition zones at the boundariesbetween directly adjacent data bits of opposite polarity. For example,between each 1 and −1 data bit, there is a narrow zone of magneticgrains with substantially zero polarity. Because these regions are muchsmaller in width than the size of a data bit, they do not serve as databits and are referred to herein as neutral polarity transition regionsrather than zero state data bits. These regions help to provide crisp,readily-distinguishable boundaries between regions of positive andnegative polarity and therefore dramatically improve signal-to-noise(SNR) ratios when included in both conventional magnetic (e.g., 2-state)recording systems and the proposed 3-state recording systems disclosedherein.

FIG. 1 illustrates a data storage device 100 including a read/write headassembly 120 for writing data on a magnetic storage medium 108. Themagnetic storage medium 108 is a magnetic storage disc on which databits can be recorded and read using read and write elements on aread/write head assembly 120. As illustrated in View A, the magneticmedium 108 includes an inner diameter 104 and an outer diameter 107between which are a number of concentric data tracks (e.g., a data track110) along which data may be written to and read from at respective bitlocations as the magnetic medium 108 rotates about a spindle center or adisc axis of rotation 112.

The read/write head assembly 120 is mounted on an actuator assembly 109at an end distal to an actuator axis of rotation 114. The read/writehead assembly 120 flies in close proximity above the surface of themagnetic medium 108 during disc rotation. The actuator assembly 109rotates during a seek operation about the actuator axis of rotation 112,which positions the read/head assembly 120 over a target data track forread and write operations.

The read/write head assembly 120 is a heat-assisted magnetic recording(HAMR) head that includes a heat source applied to a bit location on themagnetic medium 108 during recording. By temporarily heating the storagemedium 108 during the recording process, the magnetic coercivity of themagnetic grains in the storage medium 108 can be selectively loweredbelow an applied magnetic write field in a tightly focused area of themagnetic medium 108 that substantially corresponds to an individual databit. The heated region is then encoded with the recorded data bit basedon the polarity of the applied magnetic write field. After cooling, themagnetic coercivity substantially returns to its pre-heating level,thereby stabilizing the magnetization for that data bit. After beingrecorded, such data bits can be read using a magneto-resistive readhead.

Referring to View B, the read/write head assembly 120 includes, amongother features, a heat source 132 (e.g., a laser) coupled to a submountassembly 134. Light from the heat source 132 is directed into awaveguide 138 mounted to a slider 143. Light exiting the waveguide isfocused, via a Near Field Transducer (NFT) 144, and applied to a bitlocation on the magnetic medium 108 while the bit location is subjectedto a magnetic field generated by the write element 130. As anair-bearing surface 146 of the read/write head assembly 120 “flies”across the surface of the magnetic medium 108, the write element 130selectively magnetizes the underlying magnetic grains of the magneticmedium 108.

A controller 106 generates control signals to control power to the writeelement 130 and to control the polarity of the magnetic field generatedby the write element 130. In one implementation, the controller 106controls the write element 130 to encode data bits of three logicalstates on a single pass of the write element 130 over a data track onthe magnetic media. That is, the write element encodes data bits withpositive magnetic polarity (1), data bits with negative magneticpolarity (−1), and data bits with approximately zero net magnetization.Referring to View C, the magnetic medium 108 is shown to include atleast two magnetic recording layers, an upper recording layer 150 and alower recording layer 152, which both include magnetic material, such asFePt or an alloy thereof. An interface layer 154 separates the upperrecording layer 150 and the lower recording layer 152 and may havedifferent properties in different implementations, examples of which arediscussed in detail herein.

In one implementation, the upper recording layer 150 and the lowerrecording layer 152 include granular magnetic material (e.g., materialhaving magnetic grains separated from one another by non-magneticmaterial). During a manufacturing process, the individual grains in theupper recording layer 150 are grown on top of corresponding individualgrains of the lower recording layer 152. In at least one implementation,the magnetic grains in the upper layer are each aligned, in a 1-to-1configuration, with a corresponding single grain in the lower layer. Themagnetic grains in both layers may be substantially the same in size(e.g., within +/−10% of one another) such that boundaries between themagnetic grains in the lower recording layer 152 substantially alignwith boundaries between the grains in the upper recording layer 150(e.g., grain centers are aligned within +/−10%).

View C illustrates four data bits that have been written in sequenceduring a single pass of the read/write head assembly 120 over the media.Each data bit is represented by a pair of vertically stacked arrows thatfurther represents multiple magnetic grains in a tightly focused area.From left to right, View C shows a sequence of data bits in thecorresponding states 1, 1, 0, and −1. The ‘1’ state data bits each havea positive polarity—that is, substantially all grains in the upperrecording layer 150 and in the lower recording layer 152 of the data bitare fixed to have a positive polarity. The ‘−1’ state data bits eachhave a negative polarity, meaning that substantially all grains in theupper recording layer 150 and the lower recording layer 152 are fixed tohave a negative polarity. The ‘0’ state data bit (e.g., in a region 140)has a polarity of substantially zero due to the fact that each grain inthe upper recording layer 150 is fixed to have polarity that is oppositethat of a corresponding (stacked) magnetic grain in the lower recordinglayer 152. In View C, the illustrated ‘0’ state data bit is shown tohave a negative polarity in the upper recording layer 150 and a positivepolarity in the lower recording layer 152. While it may be the case thatall grains in the upper layer of the data bit have negative polarity andall grains in the lower layer of the data bit have positive polarity, itis to be appreciated that this is just one example of magnetic grainorientation that results in substantially zero net polarity within theregion 140. Other examples are discussed herein.

The term “substantially zero polarity” is used herein to refer toregions where the individual grains have true substantially net zeropolarity (e.g., each grain has an upper layer portion with a polarityopposite in magnitude and sign of that of a corresponding lower layerportion). However, “substantially zero polarity” is also intended toencompass the scenario where the magnetic and/or physicalcharacteristics of the two recording layers are tuned such that the readelement on the read/write head assembly 120 detects substantially zeropolarity in a given region when the true net polarity of the region issomewhat greater or less than substantially zero. Since the upperrecording layer 150 is in closer proximity to the read/write headassembly 120 than the lower recording layer 152, the lower recordinglayer 152 may contribute less to the readback signal than the upperrecording layer 150. Consequently, there exist real-world scenarioswhere the net polarity of a region could actually be zero but where theread element nevertheless detects a non-zero signal. To adjust for thiseffect, some implementations of the disclosed technology may provide fortuning of the lower recording layer 152 to have an Mrt (magneticsaturation times the layer thickness) that is greater than the Mrt ofthe upper recording layer 150 to ensure that the read element detectssubstantially zero net polarity in the zero state regions. In thesecases, the “zero state” regions on the media may have a true polaritybiased toward that of the lower recording layer 152 (due to its greaterMrt), but an effective polarity that is detected by the read element asbeing zero or substantially zero. This tuning of Mrt may be performedwith respect to any of the implementations disclosed herein.

According to the various implementations disclosed herein, the threelogical states illustrated in View C may all be written—inentirety—during a single pass of the read/write head above the rotatingmagnetic medium 108. Techniques for accomplishing this are discussedwith respect to the following figures.

The herein disclosed “zero state” write techniques may also be utilizedto insert small areas of neutral polarity between positive and negativedata bits in either a conventional recording process (e.g., one thatperforms binary state recording) or a recoding process using the 3-staterecording techniques disclosed herein. By inserting small areas of zeronet polarity along the boundaries between data bits, signal to noise canbe dramatically improved.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example magnetic media 200 that may facilitatewrites of zero-state polarity to localized regions of magnetic grains ina HAMR device. The magnetic media 200 includes at least a lowerrecording layer 204, an upper recording layer 202, and anantiferromagnetic coupling (AFC) layer 206. In this implementation, thelower recording layer 204 and the upper recording layer 202 bothcomprise a recording material (e.g., FePt or an alloy thereof) and mayhave the same or different magnetic characteristics (e.g., Curie temp,Hk, same anisotropy). The AFC layer 206 is a thin metal insertion layerthat facilitates a weak anti-ferromagnetic coupling between the upperrecording layer 202 and the lower recording layer 204. In the absence ofan applied magnetic field, the anti-ferromagnetic coupling causesmagnetic grains in the upper recording layer 202 to align with oppositepolarity along the interface to the AFC layer 206, as shown in region208.

In FIG. 2 , timesteps t0, t1, and t2 illustrate states of a heat sourceand of a write field applied by a write element that are effective towrite corresponding logical states 1, −1, and 0 (from the left to right)on the data bits of the magnetic media 200. At time t0, the heat sourceis in the “ON” state and the applied write field has a positivepolarity. As the magnetic media 200 cools in the presence of the appliedpositive-polarity magnetic field, the magnetization in the upperrecording layer 202 and the lower recording layer 204 align to the samedirection as the applied field as it cools and maintains the positivepolarity due to the high anisotropy of the FePt grains within theindividual layers.

At time t1, the heat source is in the “ON” state and the applied writefield is switched to a negative polarity. As the magnetic media 200cools in the presence of the applied negative-polarity magnetic field,the magnetization in the upper recording layer 202 and the lowerrecording layer 204 align to the same direction as the applied field asit cools and maintains the negative polarity due to the high anisotropyof the FePt grains within the individual layers.

At time t2, the heat source is left in the “ON” state but the writefield is switched off. In this case, the magnetic grains in theunderlying region are heated but not subjected to a magnetic field. Asthe grains in this region cool, there is a small amount of AFCconfiguration (e.g., opposing polarity grains) that start to form nearthe interface to the AFC layer 206. As cooling continues, the opposingpolarity within these grains is frozen due to the high anisotropy ofFePt grains. This effect drives the net magnetization of the individualgrains within the corresponding data bit close to zero.

In one implementation, the AFC layer 206 is an extremely thin (subnanometer) paramagnetic layer that has upper and lower interfaces topromote granular formation within the upper recording layer 202 thatprovides spatial continuity with the underlying grains in the lowerrecording layer 204 such that upper and lower grains are stacked in a1:1 ratio with grain boundaries approximately aligned. In addition, theAFC layer 206 is resistant to high temperatures in the sense that it canwithstand the high temperature deposition process of the upper recordinglayer 202 without being prone to interlayer diffusion.

Whereas the implementation of FIG. 2 utilizes a weak AFC coupling fieldto create regions of net zero polarity (e.g., region 208), FIGS. 3through 13 illustrate alternate embodiments that rely on differences inmagnetic characteristics between the two stacked magnetic recordinglayers to generate regions of zero state polarity. Among othercharacteristics, these embodiments provide for a lower Curie temperaturein one of the recording layers than the other. In the examples disclosedherein, the upper recording layer is the layer that has the lower Curietemperature. However, it can be appreciated that the same effectsdisclosed herein (e.g., magnetic grain reversals isolated to a singlelayer) could be realized using a media in which the lower layer has thelower Curie temperature. Thus, although the terms “upper layer” and“lower layer” are used consistently herein, there exists anotherimplementation of the disclosed technology in which the magneticcharacteristics of these two layers are reversed.

The Curie temperatures and anisotropy of the two layers are such thatthere exists (1) a first, higher temperature range conducive tofacilitating magnetic reversals in both layers and (2) a second, lowertemperature range that is conducive to facilitating magnetic reversalsin the upper recording layer and not in the lower recording layer.

In these implementations described below, the zero state polarity isachieved by selectively leveraging grain polarity reversals that occurwhen the media is heated by different portions of a recording head ofthe HAMR device. When a high temperature region of the recording headpasses over a data bit, magnetic reversal may be realized in bothmagnetic layers. However, when a trailing lower temperature region ofthe recording head subsequently passes over the data bit, furthermagnetic reversals may be realized in the upper recording layer whilethe magnetic grains in the lower recording layer remain fixed inpolarity. Consequently, the grains in the upper recording layer may bemagnetically aligned in a direction opposite that of the correspondinggrains in the lower recording layer. This effect is explored withrespect to the following figures.

FIG. 3 illustrates aspects of an example HAMR device 300 that writesregions of zero-state polarity by leveraging different thermal magneticcharacteristics of an upper recording layer and a lower recording layerto selectively cause certain magnetic reversals to be isolated to theupper recording layer while causing other magnetic reversals tosimultaneously occur in both the upper recording layer and the lowerrecording layer. In FIG. 3 , the lower recording layer has a higherCurie temperature than the upper recording layer (e.g., the layerclosest to the write element). For this reason, the lower recordinglayer is referred to as a high Tc layer 302 while the upper recordinglayer is referred to as a low Tc layer 304.

As a write element 306 flies above a rotating underlying magnetic media308, a laser 311 heats a tightly localized underlying region of themagnetic media 308. The laser 311 generates a thermal profile 312 thatmoves along a data track while data is being recording to the track. Thethermal profile 312 varies according to a heat gradient having a highesttemperature underlying the NFT 320 and temperature that decreases withdistance from the NFT 320. While the thermal profile 312 moves along theplane of the magnetic media 308, a higher temperature zone 314 existsnear the center of the thermal profile 312 (e.g., at least partiallyunderlying an NFT 320) while a lower temperature zone 316 trails thehigher temperature zone 314.

The magnetic media 308 has characteristics such that the highertemperature zone 314 is within a temperature range sufficient tofacilitate magnetic reversals in both the low Tc Layer 304 and the highTc layer 302 in the presence of an applied magnetic field. In contrast,the lower temperature zone 316 is within a temperature range issufficient to facilitate magnetic reversals in the low Tc Layer 304 butnot in the high Tc layer 302 in the presence of the applied magneticfield. Due to this, a magnetic grain in the low Tc layer 304 can berecorded for a longer period of time (e.g., as it passes beneath the NFT320) than its corresponding (stacked) magnetic grain in the high TcLayer 302. That is, magnetic grains in the low Tc layer 304 can berecorded when passing through both the higher temperature zone 314 andthe lower temperature zone 316 while magnetic grains in the high Tclayer 302 can only be written to when passing through the highertemperature zone 314.

By example and without limitation, grains in a region 324 may beinitially recorded at the positive polarity state when passing throughthe higher temperature zone 314 (which simultaneously causes magneticreversals in the underlying region 326). Once the region 324 moves intothe lower temperature zone 316, grains within the region 324 can berecorded without affecting the polarity of grains in the underlyingregion 326. If, for example, the polarity of the magnetic field isswitched as the region 324 moves from the higher temperature zone 314 tothe lower temperature zone 316, the region 324 may have data bits thatare fixed in a magnetic state opposite that of the underlying grains inthe region 326.

In FIG. 3 , the low Tc layer 304 and the high Tc layer 302 are separatedfrom one another by a break layer 310. In one implementation, the breaklayer 310 is a non-magnetic layer thick enough to fully decouple the lowTc layer 304 from the high Tc layer 302 at room temperature. The breaklayer 310 may, for example, comprise a dielectric material, Ruthenium,pure platinum, chromium, or cobalt-chromium.

Like the AFC coupling layer described with respect to FIG. 2 , the breaklayer 310 is, ideally, a material that provides upper and lowerinterface characteristics that promote order L10 lattice growth withinthe top layer (the low Tc layer 304). In one implementation, thedecoupling layer is also a material that provides spatial continuitywith the underlying and overlying magnetic grains such that upper andlower grains are stacked in a 1:1 ratio with grain boundariesapproximately aligned. In addition, the break layer 310 may comprisematerial with high thermal stability such that it can withstand a hightemperature deposition process of the low Tc layer 304 without beingprone to interlayer diffusion.

FIG. 4 illustrates a plot 400 and thermal profile 410 showingcharacteristics of a HAMR device media suitable for implementing thetechniques discussed above with respect to FIG. 3 . The HAMR deviceincludes a magnetic media (not shown) with a structure the same orsimilar to that shown in FIG. 3 , including dual recording layers, wherethe lower recording layer further from the write element has a higherCurie temperature than the upper recording layer closer to the writeelement. The lower recording layer and the upper recording layer areseparated by a break layer that may have characteristics the same orsimilar to those discussed above with respect to FIG. 3 .

The plot 400 illustrates example thermal characteristics of the medialayers as well as recording temperatures employed within the HAMRdevice. Here, a horizontal line 420 illustrates a magnitude of a writefield (Ha) applied as the layers of the media undergo changes inmagnetic anisotropy and temperature. A first line 422 illustrates trendsin these characteristics for the high Tc layer and a second line 424illustrates trends in these characteristics for the low Tc layer. Apoint labeled “Tc_high” marks the Curie temperature of the high Tc layer(lower layer) while a point labeled “Tc_low” marks the Curie temperatureof the low Tc Layer (upper layer).

For each of the high Tc layer (lower layer) and the low Tc layer (upperlayer), there exists a distinct temperature range in which magnetizationreversals can occur in the presence of an applied magnetic field (Ha).Between Tr_high and Tc_high, magnetic reversals are possible for thehigh Tc layer (lower recording layer). Between Tr_low and Tc_low,magnetic reversals are possible for the low Tc layer (upper recordinglayer).

These temperatures ranges depend upon the anisotropy (Hk) and the Curietemperature of the material in each layer. In general, magneticreversals of individual grains cannot occur above a layer's Curietemperature. As the material cools down below the Curie temperature, themagnetic moment of the material gradually increases while, at the sametime, the magnetic field required to flip the direction of the momentfrom its current orientation increases. Therefore, if the layer is inthe presence of a magnetic field when its temperature drops below theCurie temperature of the layer, the layer will be magnetized in thedirection of the applied field and the layer's magnetic moment willincrease (locking in the magnetization) as the layer cools. If thedirection of the applied field is then reversed while the same layercontinues to cool, the developed magnetic moment then switches to thedirection of the newly applied field provided that the layer'sanisotropy (Hk) has not yet increased beyond the strength of the appliedfield.

If a given one of the layers has cooled enough that the layer's Hk islarger than the applied field at the time of the field reversal, themoment will not be switched and the previous magnetization direction is“frozen in.” If, however, the temperature is still high enough that theHk of the material is still less than the applied field, then whatevermoment has developed will switch to the new applied field direction.

Given that for any magnetic material, it is possible to readilydetermine a corresponding temperature range in which magnetizationreversals are possible, it is also possible to select materials formagnetic recording layers that allow for a “matching” of thesetemperature ranges to temperature zones within a thermal profile createdby a recording head in a HAMR device to realize the 3-state recordingtechniques disclosed herein.

For example, a top-down thermal profile 410 created by the HAMR writeelement includes a higher temperature zone 412 bounded by a contour lineat the temperature Tr_high and a lower temperature zone 414 bounded by acontour line at the temperature Tr_low. When a magnetic grain is heatedto the temperature Tr_high, magnetic reversals may be realized in boththe high Tc layer and the low Tc layer. When a magnetic grain is heatedto the temperature Tr_low, magnetic reversals may be realized in the lowTc layer but not in the high Tc layer. Therefore, as a data bit travelsthrough the thermal profile 410, both the recording layers can bewritten at Tr_high. However, by the time the data bit reaches Tr_low,the magnetization of the high Tc layer is “locked in” while themagnetization of the low Tc layer is still subject to change.

FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate operations performed by a HAMR device having thecharacteristics described with respect to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 . That is,the HAMR device includes a magnetic media with dual recording layersincluding a low Tc layer 502 and a high Tc layer 504 separated bydecoupling layer 510. The HAMR device includes a recording media thatgenerates a thermal profile 512 with characteristics the same or similarto that described with respect to FIG. 4 relative to the temperaturezones in which reversals are possible for each of the two layers. Thisthermal profile 512 includes a higher temperature zone 514 and a lowertemperature zone 506. An outer edge of the higher temperature zone 514corresponds to a recording temperature Tr_high and an outer edge of thelower temperature zone 506 corresponds to a recording temperatureTr_low, where Tr_low and Tr_high may be defined as in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 5A illustrates cross-sectional view of media layers during a firstexample recording operation 500 for writing a zero-state data bit in aHAMR device. Here a first localized region ‘A’ is passing through thehigher temperature zone 514 of the media and is cooling to a temperatureTr_high while a positive polarity magnetic field is applied. Since thetemperature Tr_high is (e.g., as shown with respect to FIG. 4 )sufficient to facilitate magnetic reversals in both the low Tc layer andthe high Tc layer of region ‘A’, magnetic grains are positivelypolarized in both layers.

FIG. 5B illustrates a second example recording operation 501 followingthat of FIG. 5A. Here, the media has rotated slightly such that theread/write element has shifted in the down-track position relative tothe magnetic media and the heat element is now positioned over anotherlocalized region “B.” Since the positive write field is still beingapplied, the magnetic moment of the grains within the low Tc layer andthe high Tc layer of region B are again rotated to align with thepositive write field. At this same point in time, the localized region“A” that was previously written per the operations illustrated in FIG.5A is now located within the lower temperature zone 506 of the thermalprofile 512. The temperature of region “A” is cooling toward thetemperature Tr_low, which is sufficient to facilitate magnetic reversalsin the low Tc layer 502 but not in the high Tc layer 504. Thus, atTr_low, the grains in the upper layer of region “A” have the potentialto be overwritten (e.g., flipped and locked in). However, since thefield direction has not actually changed, this region maintains itspositive polarity.

FIG. 5C illustrates a third example recording operation 503 followingthat of FIG. 5B. Here, the media has again rotated slightly such thatread/write head has shifted in the down-track direction of the magneticmedia, and the heat element is now positioned over another localizedregion “C.” At this point in time, the direction of the applied writefield is switched to a negative polarity. The region C, which is passingthrough the higher temperature zone 514, is magnetized (at Tr_high) suchthat grains in both the upper and lower layer are rotated to match thedirection of the now-negative applied write field.

At this same point in time, the localized region “B” that was previouslywritten per the operations illustrated in FIG. 5B is now passing throughthe lower temperature zone 506 of the thermal profile 512. Thetemperature of region “B” approaches Tr_low, which is sufficient tofacilitate magnetic reversals in the low Tc layer 502 but not in thehigh Tc layer 504. Thus, at Tr_low, the grains in the upper layer ofregion “B” have the potential to be overwritten. Since the direction ofthe applied field has changed, the grains in the upper layer of region Bare flipped from the positive direction to the negative direction (asshown) without affecting the polarity of grains in the high Tc layer504. At this point in time, region A has positive polarity (e.g., a 1bit value), region B has a net zero polarity (e.g., a 0 bit value), andregion C has negative polarity (e.g., a −1 bit value).

FIG. 5D illustrates a fourth example recording operation 505 followingthat of FIG. 5C. Here, the media has again rotated slightly such thatread/write head has shifted in the down-track direction of the magneticmedia, and the heat element is now positioned over another localizedregion “D.” At this point in time, the direction of the applied writefield is switched to from negative polarity back to positive polarity.The region D has just passed through the higher temperature zone 514 andis approaching the temperature Tr_high. Here, the grains in both theupper and lower layer are rotated to match the direction of thenow-positive applied magnetic field.

At this same point in time, the localized region “C” that was previouslywritten per the operations illustrated in FIG. 5C has passed through thelower temperature zone 506 and is approaching the temperature Tr_low,which is sufficient to facilitate magnetic reversals in the low Tc layer502 but not in the high Tc layer 504. Thus, at this point in time, thegrains in the upper layer of region “C” have the potential to beoverwritten. Since the direction of the applied field has changed againrelative to the field applied in FIG. 5C, the grains in the upper layerof region C are flipped from the negative direction to the positivedirection (as shown) without affecting the polarity of the underlyinggrains in the high Tc layer 504. At this point in time, region A hasposition polarity (e.g., a 1 bit value), regions B and C have zeropolarity (e.g., 0 bit values) and region D has positive polarity.

FIG. 6A illustrates another example magnetic media 600 suitable forimplementing the HAMR write techniques discussed with respect to FIG. 4and FIGS. 5A-5D. The magnetic media 600 includes an upper recordinglayer 602 and a lower recording layer 604, each including soft magneticmaterial such as FePt or an alloy thereof. The upper recording layer 602has a lower Curie temperature than the lower recording layer 604. Theupper recording layer 602 is separated from the lower recording layer604 by a recording temperature break layer 606. During the magneticrecording process, the recording temperature break layer 606 functionssimilar to the break layer 310 that described with respect to FIG. 3 inthat it serves to decouple the upper recording layer 602 from the lowerrecording layer 604 during the recording process.

However, the break layer 310 of FIG. 3 differs from the recordingtemperature break layer 606 of FIG. 6 in composition and magneticcharacteristics. Whereas the break layer 310 of FIG. 3 is a non-magneticlayer that provides decoupling at room temperature and recordingtemperatures of the HAMR device, the recording temperature break layer606 is a magnetic layer with characteristics that cause the upperrecording layer 602 to decouple from the lower recording layer 604 whenheated to high temperatures during the recording process.

In one implementation, the recording temperature break layer 606 has aCurie temperature that is lower than either of the upper recording layer602 and the lower recording layer 604. Because the high temperature HAMRrecording process heats the magnetic media 600 to temperatures above theCurie temperature of the recording temperature break layer 606, thislayer has no magnetic moment when magnetic recording is occurring.Consequently, magnetic reversals do not occur within the recordingtemperature break layer 606 during the recording process, and therecording temperature break layer 606 serves to completely decouple theupper recording layer 602 from the lower recording layer 604 when datais being written to the magnetic media.

However, unlike the break layer 310 of FIG. 3 , the recordingtemperature break layer 606 provides some degree of coupling between theadjacent recording layers as the media cools down to room temperature.As cooling occurs, the anisotropy increases within the recordingtemperature break layer 606, causing it to couple to one of the adjacentrecording layers. Thus, the recording temperature break layer 606 has amagnetic moment that aligns with one of the adjacent layers at roomtemperature.

In some implementations, the upper recording layer 602 and the lowerrecording layer 604 have identical Mrt (magnetic saturation times thelayer thickness). In other implementations, the lower recording layer604 is tuned to have a slightly higher Mrt than the upper layer tooffset the decrease in readback signal contribution from this layer dueto its greater separation from the read element. The upper recordinglayer 602 and the lower recording layer 604 each comprise a hardmagnetic material (e.g., FePt) and may further include some amount ofnon-magnetic metal to selectively tune the Curie temperatures of thelayers to a select range. Notably, the addition of non-magnetic metal(e.g., copper, nickel) serves to lower the Curie temperature of thelayer. In this implementation, the recording temperature break layer 606also comprises soft magnetic material (e.g., FePt) but has a higheramount of non-magnetic metal than the two recording layers such that therecording temperature break layer 606 has the lowest Curie temperatureof the three layers.

The implementation of FIG. 6A provides several advantages over theimplementation of FIG. 3 . Since the recording temperature break layer606 may include the same base magnetic material as the two recordinglayers, it serves as a good template for growth of the grains of theupper recording layer (e.g., FePt) and may, like the upper and lowerrecording layers, be granular such that it grows on magnetic grains inthe lower layer with a 1:1 such that the boundaries between its aresubstantially aligned with the boundaries between grains in the lowerrecording layer 604. Consequently, the upper recording layer can then begrown such that its magnetic grain boundaries align between upper andlower layers (e.g., because the magnetic grains naturally align withunderlying magnetic grains and the grains may be of the same size due tosimilarities in material composition). When looking at magneticmaterials (FePt), these ideal characteristics are easier to satisfy thanin non-magnetic materials. For these reasons, the implementation of FIG.6A (with the magnetic layer between the recording layers) presentssignificant manufacturing advantages over the implementation of FIG. 3(with the non-magnetic layer between the recording layers).

FIG. 6B illustrates an example plot 601 and thermal profile 636 showingthermal characteristics of a HAMR device with a magnetic media includingthe features described with respect to FIG. 6A.

With reference first to the plot 601, a horizontal line 620 illustratesa magnitude of a write field (Ha) applied by the HAMR write element asthe layers of the media undergo changes in magnetic anisotropy andtemperature. A first line 622 illustrates anisotropy (Hk) v. temperaturetrends for the lower recording layer 604 with highest Curie temp. Thislayer has a Curie temperature labeled “Tc_high.” A second line 624illustrates Hk v. temperature trends for the upper recording layer 602.This layer has a Curie temperature labeled as “Tc_low” that is lowerthan the that of the lower recording layer 604. Another line 626illustrates Hk v. temperature trends for the recording temperature breaklayer 606. This layer has a Curie temperature labeled as “RTBL_Tc” thatis lower than the Curie temperatures of either of the adjacent recordinglayers.

For each of the upper recording layer (line 622) and the lower recordinglayer (line 624), there exists a narrow temperature range in whichmagnetic reversals can occur in the presence of an applied magneticfield (Ha). In the illustrated example, magnetic reversals are possiblefor the lower recording layer (the higher Tc layer) between Tc_high andTr_high, while magnetic reversals are possible for the upper recordinglayer (the lower Tc layer) between Tr_low and Tc_low). The Curietemperature of the recording temperature break layer 606 (Tc_RTBL) isbelow Tr_low and therefore outside of the temperature range wheremagnetic reversals may be realized in either of the recording layers.Consequently, magnetic reversals do not occur in the recordingtemperature break layer 606 during the recording process.

FIG. 6C illustrates the recording media 600 of FIG. 6A, and furtherincludes a magnified view (View B) illustrating 1:1:1 granular alignmentwithin the three different magnetic layers. The lower recording layer604 includes individual magnetic grains (e.g., a grain 634) that arealigned with grains in the recording temperature break layer 606 thatare further aligned with grains in the upper recording layer 602.Non-magnetic segregant 630 separates each adjacent pair of magneticgrain from one another in the down-track and cross-track directions ofthe magnetic media. Notably, the grains in the recording temperaturebreak layer 606 are not as tall as in the two adjacent layers becausethis layer is thinner. In one implementation, the recording temperaturebreak layer 606 has a thickness that is about 25% or less than that ofthe upper recording layer 602 and the lower recording layer 604.According to one implementation, the upper recording layer 602, thelower recording layer 604, and the recording temperature break layer 606have Mrt values (magnetic saturation times thickness) that are, incombination, detected as substantially zero amplitude by the readelement.

FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of another example magneticmedia 700 suitable for implementing the HAMR write techniques forcreating regions of zero state polarity. The media 700 includes a lowerrecording layer 704, an upper recording layer 702, and a recordingtemperature break layer (RTBL) 706 between the two layers.

Magnetic anisotropy (Hk) v. temperature trends for various layers of themagnetic media 700 are shown in plot 710. A Curie temperature (Tc_high)of the lower recording layer is higher than a Curie temperature (Tc_low)of the upper recording layer 702, and a Curie temperature (RTBL_Tc) ofthe recording temperature break layer 706 is lower than the Curietemperature of either of the recording layers 702 or 704 and lower thanthe recording temperatures Tr_low of the low Tc layer. Othercharacteristics of the upper recording layer 702, lower recording layer704, or recording temperature break layer 706 may be the same or similarto corresponding layers described above with respect to FIGS. 6A-6C. Theimplementation of FIG. 7 differs from that of FIGS. 6A-6C in that themagnetic media 700 additionally includes a CGC capping layer 714 on topof the upper recording layer 702.

The upper layer Hk vs. temperature response shown in 710 is the combinedresponse of layer 702 and 714. In general, CGC capping layer 714functions to reduce coercivity of the upper recording layer composite.One consequence of this reduced coercivity is that the differencebetween Curie temperatures of the recording layers 702, 704 can bereduced while preserving the same difference between the recordingtemperatures (Tr_low and Tr_high in FIG. 6B) used to write to the tworecording layers within the HAMR system described with respect to FIGS.6A-6C. This is advantageous from a processing standpoint because asmaller alteration in the Curie temperature results in better growthFePt alloy.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of another example magneticmedia 800 suitable for implementing the HAMR write techniques forcreating regions of zero state polarity. The media 800 includes some ofthe same characteristics as the magnetic media 600 of FIG. 6A includingan upper recording layer 802 with a lower Curie temperature than a lowerrecording layer 804. The upper recording layer 802 is separated from thelower recording layer 804 by a recording temperature break layer 806,which may be understood as having the same or substantially the samecharacteristics as the recording temperature break layer described withrespect to FIGS. 6A-6C. Depending upon the thermal characteristics ofthe select material(s) included within the recording temperature breaklayer 806, this layer may be prone to mixing with the magnetic material(FePt) in the adjacent recording during high temperature depositionsteps of the media formation process. This “mixing” of material inadjacent layers is referred to as interlayer diffusion. Depending on theseverity of this effect, the recording temperature break layer 806 maylose some of its magnetic characteristics —mainly, its ability to fullydecouple the upper recoding layer 802 from the lower recording layer 804during the high temperature recording process. In addition, if the RTBLthickness is broadened due to interlayer diffusion, the magnetizationbreaking position is not well defined. To help mitigate interlayerdiffusion, the magnetic media 800 includes a diffusion barrier layer 808between the recording temperature break layer 806 and the lowerrecording layer 804.

In one implementation, the diffusion barrier layer 808 has a basematerial with low solubility in FePT and/or L10 lattice constants topromote L10 grain growth of subsequent layers. For example, thediffusion barrier layer 808 may be a metal granular material thatincludes a metal alloy (e.g., Ru or other metallic alloys such as RuPtor metallic alloy with segregant material, such as any combination ormix of oxides, nitrides, carbon, or silicon).

FIG. 9 illustrates yet another example magnetic media 900 suitable forimplementing the HAMR write techniques for creating regions of zerostate polarity. Like the implementation of FIG. 8 , the magnetic media900 includes an upper recording layer 902 separated from a lowerrecording layer 904 by a recording temperature break layer 906. In thisimplementation, there exist two diffusion barrier layers 908, 910, onopposite sides of the recording temperature break layer 906. Thediffusion break layers 908, 910 may have the same or similarcharacteristics as those described above with respect to FIG. 8 . Theuse of dual diffusion break layers 908, 910 serves to further ensurethat the fully decoupled recording temperature break layer 906 providesconsistent decoupling between the upper recording layer 902 and thelower recording layer 904 and ensures that the break location isprecisely within the confines of the thickness of the recordingtemperature break layer 906.

FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of another examplemagnetic media 1000 suitable for implementing the HAMR write techniquesfor creating regions of zero state polarity. Temperature characteristicsof the magnetic media 1000 are shown in plot 1010. The media 1000includes a lower recording layer 1004 with a first Curie temperature,Tc_high, that is higher than a Curie temperature, Tc_low, of an upperrecording layer 1002. The upper recording layer 1002 is separated fromthe lower recording layer 1004 by a recording temperature break layer1006 that has a Curie temperature, RTBL_Tc, that is lower than the Curietemperature of either the upper recording layer 1002 or the lowerrecording layer 1004.

In FIG. 10 , the recording temperature break layer 1006 is, for example,a flash of metal (e.g., Cu, Ni, Ru) or metal with segregant thatdiffuses into the upper recording layer 1002 and the lower recordinglayer 1004 during the high temperature deposition of the upper recordinglayer 1002. Due to this diffusion, the Tc values of the upper recordinglayer 1002 and the lower recording layer 1004 are lowered near theinterface with the recording temperature break layer 1006, as shown bythe plot 1010.

As long as at least a portion of the recording temperature break layer1006 retains a Curie temperature of RTBL_Tc lower than the recordingtemperatures Tr_low, 1006 still functions to decouple the upperrecording layer 1002 from the lower recording layer 1004 during therecording process.

This implementation leverages diffusion, rather than trying to preventit (as in FIGS. 7-8 ), and therefore does not require a diffusionbarrier layer that can, in some cases, impede growth of the upperrecording layer.

According to one implementation, the recording temperature break layer1006 is a very thin flash metal layer (e.g., sub 1 nm), which is thinenough to diffuse into the upper and lower layer and not impede the L10growth and consistent grain orientation in the upper recording layer.

FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional portion of another examplemagnetic media 1100 suitable for implementing the HAMR write techniquesfor creating regions of zero state polarity. Temperature characteristicsof the magnetic media 1100 are shown in plot 1110. The media 1100includes a lower recording layer 1104 with a first Curie temperature,Tc_high, that is higher than a second Curie temperature, Tc_low, of anupper recording layer 1102. In this implementation, an interface region1106 between the lower recording layer 1104 and the upper recordinglayer 1102 has a same base material (e.g., FePt) as the recordinglayers, but an increase in the amount of non-magnetic segregant.

As shown in plot 1112, the increased segregant in the interface region1106 weakens the exchange coupling between the recording layers 1102 and1104, allowing the upper recording layer 1102 to magnetically transitionindependent of the lower recording layer 1104 as described elsewhereherein, such as with respect to FIGS. 6A-6C. A benefit to thisimplementation is that the interface region 1106 is easy to implementand the material of this interface region 1106 does not need to bemodified to provide a significant change in its Curie temperaturerelative to the Curie of the recording layers 1102 and 1104.

FIG. 12 illustrates another example portion of a magnetic media that hasbeen encoded with regions of neutral polarity per any of the techniquesdiscussed above with respect to any of FIGS. 3-11 . In FIG. 12 , regionsof the media labeled A, B, C, D, E and F are each of substantiallysimilar size and correspond to an individual data bit. Regions A, C, andF have positive polarity and correspond to logical bits in the 1′ state;regions B and E have negative polarity and correspond to logical bits inthe −1′ state; and region D has zero state (neutral) polarity,corresponding to a logical bit in the ‘0’ state.

Notably, the zero state shown in region D has been achieved by togglingthe polarity of the write field between positive and negative (atechnique known as an AC erase) while the heat element is on and withthe upper and lower layers transitioning in response to the changingfield as generally described with respect to FIGS. 5A-5D.

An interesting effect of the above-described dual-magnetic-layer singlepass write of three logical states is that this technique forms boundaryregions of neutral polarity (e.g., neutral polarity transition zones1202) between each pair of data bits of different polarity. This isbecause each change to the magnetic orientation of the write fieldcauses a recently-recorded region in the upper layer to be overwrittento match the new orientation of the write field. This effect occurs evenwhen a zero state data bit is not being written. For example, the writefield is in the positive direction while writing data bit A up until thetime t1, when the write element is about to begin writing data bit B. Att1, the write field is switched from positive to negative and,consequently, a previously-written magnetic region 1210 is overwrittenand switched from the previously-written positive state to match thenow-negative write field. A similar effect occurs when the write elementswitches the write field polarity between the writing of negativepolarity data bit B and positive polarity data bit C.

Notably, the neutral polarity transition regions are each of asubstantially same size, which is smaller in width than that of eachdata bit. The size of the neutral polarity transition regions dependsupon the characteristics of the thermal profile created by a heatelement of the recording head. For example, the width of each neutralpolarity transition region may depend on characteristics of the NFT onthe write head, the thermal gradient at the transition zone, and thedifference in recording temperature of the two recording layers. In oneimplementation, the neutral polarity transition regions have adown-track direction cross section that is about half the average grainsize, or between about half the average grain size and the whole grainsize.

Notably, the neutral polarity transition regions may be formed between+1 and −1 data bit boundaries regardless of whether or not the HAMRdevice actually writes any data bits in the zero state (e.g., such asdata bit D). Thus, the media and HAMR devices and respectivecharacteristics discussed above with respect to FIGS. 5A-5D may, in someimplementations, be utilized to facilitate standard (e.g., 2-state)conventional recording with neutral polarity transition regions.Inclusion of the neutral polarity transition regions in HAMR devices hasbeen shown to improve signal-to-noise significantly, such as by as muchas 3 dB media SNR.

To further illustrate structural detail of the neutral polaritytransition zones 1202, FIG. 13 illustrates a top-down view of a portionof a media that may, for example, correspond to a region 1220 in FIG. 12.

Specifically, FIG. 13 is a top-down view illustrating example magneticgrains that form the magnetic media 1300. The magnetic media 1300 hasdual layers of recording material with different Curie temperatures andmagnetic characteristics that facilitate some magnetic reversals in bothrecording layers simultaneously while isolating other magnetic reversalsto a single one of the recording layers as, for example, is discussedwith respect to any of FIG. 3 through FIG. 12 .

The shade of the grain illustrated for each magnetic grain representsthe net polarity of the upper and lower layer grain. The whiterepresents a net negative −1 polarity grain and dark gray represents anet positive +1 polarity grain. The medium grey represents a net zeropolarity grain.

The dashed line 1310 corresponds the ideal transition position betweenthe negative −1 bit to the positive +1 bit. In a perfect (noiseless)recording device employing conventional HAMR techniques, the transitioncenter 1310 would provide a crisp boundary between positive grain bitsand negative grain bits. However, due to the granular nature and randomposition of the grains that form the recording media, the transitioncenter 1310 is not a crisp division—rather, the transition is formedbetween discrete grain boundaries. Some of the grains of positivepolarity “bleed” across the transition center 1310 to the positivepolarity side and some of the grains of negative polarity bleed acrossthe transition center 1310 to the negative polarity side. This bleedingeffect leads to a deviation from the ideal transition, known as“transition jitter.” In the illustrated case where some of the grainshave been shifted to neutral polarity in the transition region 1304, theeffect of transition jitter is significantly reduced. Notably, thegrains that are shifted to neutral polarity (e.g., 1312, 1314) are thegrains with its centroid position that lay close to the transition.Since grain edges contribute to the transition position, these neutralgrains with centers near the transition would contribute most to thejitter if their polarity was not neutral.

Any grains having its centroid position within the width of thetransition region 1304 will result in a neutral polarity. This region isreferred to herein as the “zero-state insertion width.” This zero-stateinsertion width depends on the difference in recording temperature ofthe two layers (e.g., difference between Tr_high and Tr_low as shown inthe plot of FIG. 6B), as well as the thermal gradient at the transitionzone. Mathematically, the zero state insertion width is given by thetemperature difference between Tr_high and Tr_low divided by the thermalgradient across the transition zone. According to one implementationthat provides excellent reduced-jitter performance (maximizing SNR inthe transition zones), the zero-state transition width is between about0.5 and 1 times the average grain diameter or center-to-center spacingof adjacent grains.

The implementations described herein are implemented as logical steps inone or more computer systems. The logical operations may be implemented(1) as a sequence of processor-implemented steps executing in one ormore computer systems and (2) as interconnected machine or circuitmodules within one or more computer systems. The implementation is amatter of choice, dependent on the performance requirements of thecomputer system being utilized. Accordingly, the logical operationsmaking up the implementations described herein are referred to variouslyas operations, steps, objects, or modules. Furthermore, it should beunderstood that logical operations may be performed in any order, unlessexplicitly claimed otherwise or a specific order is inherentlynecessitated by the claim language.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in thedrawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description isto be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character. Forexample, certain embodiments described hereinabove may be combinablewith other described embodiments and/or arranged in other ways (e.g.,process elements may be performed in other sequences). Accordingly, itshould be understood that only the preferred embodiment and variantsthereof have been shown and described and that all changes andmodifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desiredto be protected.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: controlling a write elementon a HAMR device to write data to adjacent data bits on a magneticstorage media on a first pass over a data track; and controlling thewrite element to create a region of neutral polarity at a boundarybetween the adjacent data bits, the region of neutral polarity having asize that is less than a width of a data bit.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the region of neutral polarity has a size that is smaller thaneach of the adjacent data bits.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereincontrolling the write element to create the region of neutral polarityfurther comprises: altering a polarity of magnetic grains in a firstrecording layer of the magnetic storage media after fixing a polarity ofcorresponding magnetic grains in a second recording layer of themagnetic storage media.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjacentdata bits have opposite polarity.
 5. A magnetic media comprising: afirst recording layer and a second recording layer; multiple pairs ofadjacent data bits having opposite polarity; and a region of neutralpolarity between each pair of adjacent data bits, the region of neutralpolarity having a size that is less than a width of the adjacent databits.
 6. The magnetic media of claim 5, wherein the region of neutralpolarity is a boundary transition region with a width that is betweenabout 0.5 and 1 times a size of magnetic grains in the first recordinglayer and the second recording layer.
 7. The magnetic media of claim 5,wherein the second recording layer has magnetic characteristics thatfacilitate magnetic reversals when heated to a first recordingtemperature within a higher temperature zone but not when heated to asecond recording temperature within a lower temperature zone; andwherein the first recording layer has magnetic characteristics thatfacilitate magnetic reversals when heated to either the first recordingtemperature or the second recording temperature.
 8. The magnetic mediaof claim 5, wherein the first recording layer and the second recordinglayer are separated by a fully decoupled recording temperature breaklayer that includes magnetic material.
 9. The magnetic media of claim 8,wherein the fully decoupled recording temperature break layer has aCurie temperature that is lower than a Curie temperature of the firstrecording layer, lower than the Curie temperature of the secondrecording layer, and also lower than the first recording temperature andthe second recording temperature.
 10. The magnetic media of claim 8,wherein the fully decoupled recording temperature break layer is weaklyferro-magnetically coupled to at least one of the first recording layerand the second recording layer at room temperature.
 11. A heat-assistedmagnetic recording (HAMR) device comprising: a recording head with aheat element that moves along a data track during a write process; amagnetic media including a first recording layer and a second recordinglayer; and a controller that controls a magnetic write field of arecording head to create a region of neutral polarity at a boundarybetween each pair of adjacent data bits having opposite polarity, theregion of neutral polarity having a size less than a width of a data bitand the region of neutral polarity being created on a single pass of therecording head by altering a polarity of magnetic grains in the firstrecording layer after fixing a polarity of corresponding magnetic grainsin the second recording layer.
 12. The HAMR device of claim 11, whereinthe region of neutral polarity is a boundary transition region with awidth that is between about 0.5 and 1 times a size of magnetic grains inthe first recording layer and the second recording layer.
 13. The HAMRdevice of claim 11, wherein the first recording layer and the secondrecording layer are separated by a fully decoupled recording temperaturebreak layer that includes magnetic material.
 14. The HAMR device ofclaim 13, wherein the fully decoupled recording temperature break layerhas a Curie temperature that is lower than a Curie temperature of thefirst recording layer, lower than the Curie temperature of the secondrecording layer, and also lower than the first recording temperature andthe second recording temperature.
 15. The HAMR device of claim 13,wherein the fully decoupled recording temperature break layer is weaklyferro-magnetically coupled to at least one of the first recording layerand the second recording layer at room temperature.
 16. The HAMR deviceof claim 15, wherein the fully decoupled recording temperature breaklayer is fully decoupled from the first recording layer and the secondrecording layer when data is being written to the magnetic media. 17.The HAMR device of claim 11, wherein: the second recording layer hasmagnetic characteristics that facilitate magnetic reversals when heatedto a first recording temperature within a higher temperature zone butnot when heated to a second recording temperature within a lowertemperature zone; and the first recording layer has magneticcharacteristics that facilitate magnetic reversals when heated to eitherthe first recording temperature or the second recording temperature.